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On the inconsistency of matching without replacement

Fredrik Sävje

arXiv 16 Jul 2019 · Econometrics · publishedBiometrika (2021)

arXiv:1907.07288 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

The paper shows that matching without replacement on propensity scores produces estimators that generally are inconsistent for the average treatment effect of the treated. To achieve consistency, practitioners must either assume that no units exist with propensity scores greater than one-half or assume that there is no confounding among such units. The result is not driven by the use of propensity scores, and similar artifacts arise when matching on other scores as long as it is without replacement.

Citation extraction

19
references
38
in-text mentions
19
distinct cited
0
self-citations
30,824
main-text words

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Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1Abadie2006Large APACrefauthors Abadie, A. \ Imbens, G W. APACrefauth… (2006) 20061.00075100%
2Abadie2012Martingale APACrefauthors Abadie, A. \ Imbens, G W. APACre… (2012) 20121.00054100%
3Rosenbaum2002Observational APACrefauthors Rosenbaum, P R. APACrefaut… (2002) 20020.81142100%
4Rosenbaum1983Central APACrefauthors Rosenbaum, P R. \ Rubin, D B. AP… (1983) 19830.73732100%
5Hansen2008prognostic APACrefauthors Hansen, B B. APACrefauthors \ (2008) 20080.64422100%
6Heckman1997Matching APACrefauthors Heckman, J J. , Ichimura, H. \ To… (1997) 19970.64422100%
7Heckman1998Matching APACrefauthors Heckman, J J. , Ichimura, H. \ To… (1998) 19980.64422100%
8King2019Why APACrefauthors King, G. \ Nielsen, R. APACrefauthors \ (2019) 20190.51121100%
9Abadie2008Failure APACrefauthors Abadie, A. \ Imbens, G W. APACrefau… (2008) 20080.40511100%
10Abadie2011Bias APACrefauthors Abadie, A. \ Imbens, G W. APACrefautho… (2009) 20110.40511100%

Showing the top 10 of 19 scored citations.