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SHOPPER: A Probabilistic Model of Consumer Choice with Substitutes and Complements

Francisco J. R. Ruiz, Susan Athey, David M. Blei

arXiv 9 Nov 2017 · Statistics — Machine Learning · publishedThe Annals of Applied Statistics (2020) · 35 citations (OpenAlex)

arXiv:1711.03560 · PDF · DOI · OpenAlex · Extracted main text

Abstract

We develop SHOPPER, a sequential probabilistic model of shopping data. SHOPPER uses interpretable components to model the forces that drive how a customer chooses products; in particular, we designed SHOPPER to capture how items interact with other items. We develop an efficient posterior inference algorithm to estimate these forces from large-scale data, and we analyze a large dataset from a major chain grocery store. We are interested in answering counterfactual queries about changes in prices. We found that SHOPPER provides accurate predictions even under price interventions, and that it helps identify complementary and substitutable pairs of products.

Citation extraction

69
references
103
in-text mentions
69
distinct cited
11
self-citations
14,151
main-text words

appendix boundary found by appendix_command · 84% of the source is main text. Read the extracted text to check this.

Most heavily cited references

The works this paper leans on most, across its whole bibliography — not restricted to papers in our corpus. Ranked by composite intensity, which combines how often a work is mentioned, how many sections mention it, and how much of that falls in the main text rather than the appendix.

ReferenceIntensityMentionsSectionsMain text
1binproceedings[author] Rudolph, M.M., Ruiz, F. J. R.F. J. R., Mandt,… (2016) ) self1.000103100%
2binproceedings[author] Gopalan, P.P., Hofman, J.J. Blei, D. M.D. M (2015) ) self1.00063100%
3barticle[author] Bengio, Y.Y., Ducharme, R.R., Vincent, P.P. Janvin,… (2003) )0.73732100%
4barticle[author] Hoffman, M. D.M. D., Blei, D. M.D. M., Wang, C.C. P… (2013) )0.6443267%
5barticle[author] Che, H.H., Chen, X.X. Chen, Y.Y (2012) )0.64422100%
6btechreport[author] Athey, SusanS. Stern, ScottS (1998) )0.64422100%
7barticle[author] Donnelly, R.R., Ruiz, F. J. R.F. J. R., Blei, D. M.… (2019) ) self0.64422100%
8barticle[author] Berry, StevenS., Khwaja, AhmedA., Kumar, VineetV.,… (2014) )0.64422100%
9binproceedings[author] Naesseth, C.C., Ruiz, F. J. R.F. J. R., Linde… (2017) ) self0.5114225%
10binproceedings[author] Doshi-Velez, F.F., Miller, K. T.K. T., Van Ga… (2009) )0.5112250%

Showing the top 10 of 69 scored citations.

Cited by, within the corpus

arXiv econ.EM papers that cite this one, ranked by how heavily they lean on it.

Citing paperIntensityMentionsSections
1Counterfactual Inference for Consumer Choice Across Many Product Categories0.87452
2Machine Learning Methods Economists Should Know About0.81142
3CAREER: A Foundation Model for Labor Sequence Data0.79464
4Dynamic Consumer Demand at Large Scale0.73732
5Estimating Heterogeneous Consumer Preferences for Restaurants and Travel Time Using Mobile Location Data0.65973
6Latent Dirichlet Analysis of Categorical Survey Responses0.64422
7Graph-based Methods for Discrete Choice0.40511
8RetailSynth: Synthetic Data Generation for Retail AI Systems Evaluation0.40511
9Inference for Regression with Variables Generated by AI or Machine Learning0.40511