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Citation Analysis

Can language models boost the power of randomized experiments without statistical bias?
Xinrui Ruan, Xinwei Ma, Yingfei Wang, Waverly Wei, Jingshen Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.05545
72
Citation mentions
58
Cited references
7
Sections
6,133
Words (approx)

References by Citation Intensity

Ordered by composite index (descending). Higher values indicate more intensive citation.

# Reference Year Mentions Breadth Sec. Wtd Share Composite Main %
1 Pratap, Homiar, Waninger, Herd, Suver, Volponi et ... 2022 4 4 6.5 0.056 0.928 100%
2 Brown, Mann, Ryder, Subbiah, Kaplan, Dhariwal et a... 2020 4 4 6.5 0.056 0.928 100%
3 Chernozhukov, Chetverikov, Demirer, Duflo, Hansen,... 2018 3 3 4.5 0.042 0.843 100%
4 OpenAI et al. 2023 2 2 2.5 0.028 0.644 100%
5 Touvron, Lavril, Izacard, Martinet, Lachaux, Lacro... 2023 2 2 2.5 0.028 0.644 100%
6 Guterman, Kiekhofer, Wood, Allen, Kahn, Dulaney et... 2023 2 2 2.5 0.028 0.644 100%
7 Angelopoulos, Bates, Fannjiang, Jordan and Zrnic 2023 2 2 2.5 0.028 0.644 100%
8 van der Vaart 2000 2 2 4.0 0.028 0.644 100%
9 Bommasani, Hudson, Adeli, Altman, Arora, von Arx e... 2021 2 1 4.0 0.028 0.511 100%
10 Gemini Team Google 2025 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
11 Glasserman and Lin 2023 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
12 Lopez-Lira, Tang and Zhu 2025 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
13 Ramos, Bernstein and Ezawa 2024 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
14 Bryan, Chen, Vilaro, Chu, Grillo, Te et al. 2025 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
15 Hanvey, Dede, Krieger, Ross, Amdur and Pereira 2024 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
16 Kreimeyer, Foster, Pandey, Arya, Halford, Jones et... 2017 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
17 Gao, Fisch and Chen 2021 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
18 Min, Lyu, Holtzman, Artetxe, Lewis, Hajishirzi and... 2022 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
19 Schick and Schutze 2021 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
20 Egami, Hinck, Stewart and Wei (self) 2023 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
21 Ludwig, Mullainathan and Rambachan 2025 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
22 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
23 Cattaneo 2010 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
24 Farrell 2015 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
25 Ma and Wang (self) 2020 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
26 Freedman 2008 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
27 Lin 2013 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
28 Coravos, Goldsack, Karlin, Nebeker, Perakslis and ... 2020 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
29 Cattaneo, Jansson and Ma 2019 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
30 De Bartolomeis, Abad, Wang, Donhauser, Duch, Yang ... (self) 2025 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
31 Poulet, Tran, du Montcel, Dubois, Durrleman and Je... 2025 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
32 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
33 Fisch, Maynez, Hofer, Dhingra, Globerson and Cohen 2024 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
34 Zrnic and Candes 2024 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
35 Devlin, Chang, Lee and Toutanova 2019 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
36 Radford, Wu, Child, Luan, Amodei, Sutskever et al. 2019 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
37 Driess, Xia, Sajjadi, Lynch, Chowdhery, Ichter et ... 2023 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
38 Luo, Sun, Xia, Qin, Zhang, Poon and Liu 2022 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
39 Taylor, Kardas, Cucurull, Scialom, Hartshorn, Sara... 2022 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
40 Alayrac, Donahue, Luc, Miech, Barr, Hasson et al. 2022 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
41 Li, Li, Savarese and Hoi 2023 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
42 Liu, Li, Wu and Lee 2023 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
43 Radford, Kim, Hallacy, Ramesh, Goh, Agarwal et al. 2021 1 1 0.5 0.014 0.406 100%
44 Kennedy 2023 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
45 Abrevaya, Hsu and Lieli 2015 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
46 Ji, Lei and Zrnic 2025 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
47 Labrak, Rouvier and Dufour 2024 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
48 Song, Wang, Cai, Mondal and Sahoo (self) 2023 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
49 Wei, Bosma, Zhao, Guu, Yu, Lester et al. (self) 2022 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
50 Li and Racine 2007 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
51 Wasserman 2006 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
52 Kroenke, Spitzer and Williams 2001 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
53 Wang, Wei, Dong, Bao, Yang and Zhou (self) 2020 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
54 Xu, Skoularidou, Cuesta-Infante and Veeramachaneni 2019 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
55 Patki, Wedge and Veeramachaneni 2016 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
56 Tibshirani, Athey, Wager, Friedberg, Hadad, Miner ... 2024 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
57 Zhang, Zhao, Saleh and Liu 2020 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
58 Raffel, Shazeer, Roberts, Lee, Narang, Matena et a... 2020 1 1 2.0 0.014 0.406 100%
Measures: Mentions = total in-text citations; Breadth = distinct sections; Sec. Wtd = section-weighted count (body ×2, lit review/appendix ×0.5); Share = mentions / total citations in paper; Composite = geometric mean of normalised count, breadth, and main-text ratio; Main % = fraction of mentions in main text (excl. appendix). (self) = self-citation.

Citation intensity data generated from LaTeX source analysis.